Commons: Sobrescrever arquivos existentes

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Esta diretriz trata sobre como usuários devem ou não sobrescrever arquivos existentes. É necessário guias nesse aspeto pois tanto projetos da Wikimedia a utilizar arquivos do Commons como reutilizadores externos que utilizam conteúdo daqui diretamente dependem de uma estabilidade razoável do arquivo. Como resultado, a regra básica é arquivos existentes não devem ser sobrescritos com conteúdos substancialmente diferentes, enquanto melhorias secundárias devem sobrescrever versões anteriores (entretanto, veja abaixo para exceções). Quando em dúvida, ou quando necessário resolver conflitos entre usuários, não sobrescreva o arquivo existente e envie como um novo arquivo.

After discussion in August 2012, this guideline was proposed and formally adopted as an RFC. As of September 2023, a further discussion concluded that many overwrites did not comply with this guideline, so it was decided that it should be strictly enforced in software by limiting overwrite privileges of images uploaded by other users to those with the autopatrol right. If you want to overwrite files initially uploaded by other users, please request the autopatrol right on COM:Requests for rights. If you are not eligible for this right, you may request an exception for a specific file.

Quando não estiver a sobrescrever o arquivo existente, mudanças devem ser carregadas sob um novo nome (idealmente, semelhante ao anterior), e a página de descrição do arquivo deve ter uma ligação ao arquivo original e dar crédito a seu(s) autor(es).

VÁLIDO sobrescrever

Melhorias secundárias

[OK] Regra geral, use a ligação "Carregar uma nova versão deste arquivo" apenas para mudanças secundárias. Exemplos incluem

• substituição por uma versão de maior resolução do mesmo arquivo
• correção secundária e não controversa na cor, redução de ruído, correção na perspectiva, etc.
• remoção de marca d'água
• rotações em 90/180/270° ou correções secundárias na rotação que não são perpendiculares
• recortes secundários
• correções de diagramas, mapas ou gráficos, se uma versão mais precisa estiver disponível
• correção de erros de SVG
• adição ou correção de traduções, correção de erros ortográfico-gramaticais (ex: mudar "mais grande" para "maior")

e coisas similares onde a composição essencial não seja alterada. Isso pode incluir um recorte secundário, por exemplo, para remover uma borda recentemente adicionada (não sobrescreva arquivos quando houver remoção de partes de uma imagem história). Recortes intensivos devem sem carregados sob um novo nome, como "Nome antigo do arquivo (recorte).jpg".

Correções de erros menores são normalmente consideradas melhorias secundárias. No entanto, quanto mais extensiva for a correção, mais provável será a necessidade de carregar a versão corrigida como um novo arquivo (possivelmente para evitar desacordos quanto à necessidade da correção, e potencialmente uma guerra de uploads), e se necessário nomeie o arquivo antigo para eliminação.

Nota: um arquivo com anotações na imagem as perderá se a dimensão dos píxeis for mudada – ver Help:Gadget-ImageAnnotator#Limitações. Isso não é razão para carregar o arquivo sob um novo nome quando mudanças secundárias forem feitas, pois as anotações podem ser refeitas.

Exceções

Se o trabalho de restauração digital estiver sendo feito em um documento ou obra histórica, a restauração (não importa quão menor seja) deverá sempre ser carregada sob um novo nome do arquivo original, fornecendo uma ligação à fonte na qual foi baseada, inserida no campo "outras versões". As mudanças feitas também deverão ser documentadas em detalhes suficientes para que possam ser reproduzidas, se possível. Essa é a melhor prática para restaurações, pois permite que usuários e restauradores subsequentes sigam a cadeia de melhorias e consigam fazer comparações detalhadas com os originais. (No entanto, se um arquivo já tiver passado por restauração, por exemplo, tiver deixado para trás uma marca de sujeira, não é necessário criar um novo arquivo para cada pequena mudança na restauração.) Em alguns casos, os arquivos originais podem estar marcados com {{Please-do-not-overwrite-original-files}}.

The symbol for Featured Pictures

? Tome cuidado com arquivos que foram premiados com um status especial, como Imagem do dia (ou o equivalente em outro projeto da Wikimedia), pois o status se aplica àquela versão particular. Imagens do dia, imagens de qualidade e imagens de valor são identificadas nas páginas de descrição do arquivo usando {{Assessments}}. (note que o status especial do Commons não é transferido para arquivos derivados.) O criador de imagem pode fazer mudanças secundárias onde perceber que isso não seria controverso no que diz respeito ao status especial (por exemplo, remover marcas de sujeira ou corrigir uma inclinação pequena). Mudanças potencialmente controversas devem ser discutidas com os membros do fórum que promoveram a imagem.

Files used in Wikimedia projects where the use requires the file to remain unchanged – which means no overwriting at all: not for updates, minor improvements, or error corrections. Comments (including pointing out errors, and pointing to other versions) may freely be made in the Commons file description, but the file itself should not be overwritten. If necessary, upload a new version as a separate file. Such files should be marked with {{Please-do-not-overwrite-permanent-version}}.

Controversial or contested changes. If another editor thinks that the change is not an improvement (even if the editor making the change deems it minor), the change can be reverted, and the new image should be uploaded under a new file name. See below.

Respeitar os criadores do conteúdo

The original image creator is often the best person to make edits. Since JPG is a lossy format, every edit to a JPG can deteriorate the image slightly; seemingly minor and "beneficial" edits such as changing white balance or adding noise reduction can actually do significant damage. Often the image creator has access to the RAW files from which to make a new version with whatever fix is required. This is always superior to editing the JPG. If it is a photograph, the image creator was there when the picture was taken so will be in a better position to judge whether colours and lighting are correct. Therefore it is strongly recommended that users wishing to make improvements to photographs first contact the creator, whether on Commons or elsewhere.

Versões não editadas

[OK] Sometimes users uploading new files that have been edited (e.g. a photograph improved for colour, contrast, etc., compared to the raw photo) may wish to provide the original unedited version as well. Uploading these independently would needlessly clutter categories. The solution is to first upload the unedited version, and then shortly afterward to upload the edited version over it, so that the unedited version is available in the file history. The unedited versions are not intended to be used independently, and should not be split out as separate files unless this is needed for a specific known use. Files using this approach should be labelled with {{Unedited version}}.

Note: overwriting unedited versions applies only shortly after upload of the unedited version, and only to the original uploader when uploading an improved version of the same file. In all other cases, the usual criteria about overwriting (is it minor improvement?, etc.) apply. In addition, the usual rule about resolving disagreements applies: if another user feels it useful to split the file, it should be split.

Imagens secundárias

[OK] Sometimes users may wish to provide an image related to their upload, which might fall outside the project scope as an independent file. Examples include images of labels related to the subject of the main image, or the reverse of a postcard as evidence of copyright status. The solution is to first upload the secondary image, and then shortly afterward to upload the main image over it, so that the secondary image is available in the file history. The secondary images are not intended to be used independently, and should not be split out as separate files unless this is needed for a specific known use. Files using this approach should be labelled with {{Secondary image}}. Note that secondary images are not exempt from the usual requirements of Commons:Licensing.

Note: overwriting secondary images applies only shortly after upload of the secondary image, and only to the original uploader. In all other cases, the usual criteria about overwriting (is it minor improvement?, etc.) apply. In addition, the usual rule about resolving disagreements applies: if another user feels it useful to split the file, it should be split.

Arquivos com dados atuais

Be cautious about overwriting files with new versions reflecting new information, as in many cases this may not be what reusers want.

[OK] However, files may be identified to reusers as ones where information may be updated – these files can and should be overwritten to reflect new information as necessary. Identification may be by the filename, file description, categories, or (most clearly) with the {{Current}} template. A file named "File:Germany location map.svg" is expected to indicate the current boundaries, and is expected to be updated if, for example, the boundaries changed or errors were observed. On the other hand a file named "File:Germany, Federal Republic of location map October 1949 - November 1950.svg" is expected to be correct for that period and not reflect current boundaries.

NÃO sobrescrever

Exceptions to the minor changes rule

• Exceptions to the "minor changes should be uploaded to the same file" rule (see above):
  • Restauração digital
  • Files that have been awarded a special status like Commons Featured Picture, Commons Quality Image, or similar status on another Wikimedia project. Such files are marked with {{Assessments}}.
  • Arquivos utilizados em projetos da Wikimedia onde o uso requer que não sejam modificados
  • Controversial or contested changes – see below.
  • Artificially upscaling or enlarging using any tool, including AI-based or deep learning services
  • Removing parts of historical images.
    For instance, historical engravings often have a border, and text describing the image under the image. If it was part of the original composition, and you want to remove it for some use on Wikimedia sites, upload it as a new file. If there are annotations or markings in the image that weren't part of the original composition, these can be removed and placed into the {{Information}} template, without a need to upload as a new image; for example, in the case of the Bundesarchive images, there is usually a call number and date of the photograph.

Mudanças consideráveis

• Mudanças consideráveis (ex. um recorte intensivo)
• Mudanças que refletem dados diferentes (ex. atualizar um mapa)
  • [OK] a não ser que um arquivo esteja identificado como atualizável – isto é, identificado a reutilizadores como um arquivo cujas informações podem ser atualizados, seja pelo nome, descrição, ou pelo uso da predefinição {{Current}}

Arquivos sem relação

• Arquivos completamente sem relação
  • Arquivos diferentes sobre o mesmo tópico (como a foto de uma vaca carregada sobre a foto de uma outra vaca)
  • Arquivos diferentes relacionados a exatamente o mesmo objeto (ex. uma foto diferente do Davi de Michelango)
  • Nota: não sobrescrever um arquivo se quiser eliminá-lo; siga as normas de eliminação em vez disso.

Mudanças controversas ou contestadas

Shortcut

• COM:UPLOADWAR

Changes to a file that are likely to be contested should be uploaded to a separate filename. Upload wars (a form of edit war in which contributors repeatedly upload different versions of a file in an effort to have their version be the visible one) are always undesirable. As with other forms of edit warring, users who engage in upload wars may be blocked from editing.

If another editor thinks that a change is not an improvement (even if the editor making the change thinks it's minor), the change can be reverted. Once a change has been reverted, the new image should be uploaded under a new filename (unless the reverting editor explicitly or implicitly agrees to the contested change). This is true even if the change is necessary, in one editor's view, to avoid a copyright infringement: in this case, if agreement cannot be reached through discussion, the old file should be nominated for deletion.

The more known uses of a file there are (through transclusions on Wikimedia projects), the more cautious contributors should be in deciding whether a change qualifies as "minor". Widespread usage of a file makes it more likely that even small changes will be controversial. If in doubt, uploading as a separate file avoids potential surprises for reusers. In some cases, prior discussion with previous uploader(s) or in locations where the file is in use may help decide whether a planned change can be considered "minor".

Changes that break consistency with other images

When images are consistent among each other, individual images should not be changed in a way that makes them inconsistent with the others. (E.g., File:Icosahedron flat.svg should not have been overwritten with a white version, because that broke the consistency of the set.)

[OK] Small changes can be made to all images, as long as they remain consistent. (E.g., it was fine to remove circles around numbers in File:Hawaiian Eruption-numbers.svg, because it was done to all images in the set.)

Exemplos

Mudanças secundárias

Veja, por exemplo, o histórico de versões de

• File:Avestaforsen.jpg, which is essentially the same image, with several subtle corrections applied
• File:15th anniversary of Image Comics - seven founders.jpg, which has minor cleanup
• File:Chess Board.svg, which has always identical appearance but underwent several improvements of its coding (talk page)

Minor improvements for textual elements include correcting spelling on a map's labels. By contrast, translating a map's labels from English to German is a major change, and should be uploaded as a separate file.

Substantial crop or un-crop

Further information: Commons:Media for cleanup#Unnecessary borders

Whether a crop is "substantial" depends partly on the proportion of the image cropped, and partly on how much the excluded content affects the composition. For an image of a museum object on a grey background, cropping much closer to the object was considered a minor crop:

• 
  original with more negative space
• 
  cropped on subject

On the other hand, the photograph below of Martin Scorsese was substantially cropped for a closeup on his face, and the result was put into a separate file; and the photograph below of a mountain was cropped to substantially recompose it:

• 
  Scorsese: Original image
• 
  Scorsese: Image cropped for closeup
• 
  Zizalga: Original image
• 
  Zizalga: Image cropped for recomposition

When cropping a JPEG image, remember to always use lossless cropping.

• Example: This 1899 portrait of a young man with a fish by Wilhelm von Gloeden was uploaded in 2005 but then overwritten in 2010 by a full length un-cropped version. Though the intent was to restore the image to a better quality version, the overwrite proved highly controversial as it changed the context from a modest pose to a nude with potential erotic connotations. In some existing transclusions this change was unwanted and caused controversy. Uploading the higher quality image as a separate file would have avoided this.

Versões não editadas

• Example: File:Homenagem ao Padre Fernando Augusto da Silva, Santo António, Funchal, 1927.jpg is an image from 1927, with the original unedited scan uploaded first, and then the improved version uploaded a minute later.
• Example: File:Periquitos - Psilopsiagon aymara.jpg is a cropped version of File:Psilopsiagon aymara -Capilla del Monte -four-8.jpg, and has the uncropped original version in the file history.
• Counter-example: File:Wounded Knee aftermath3.jpg is a digitally enhanced version of the unedited original File:Wounded Knee aftermath.jpg. During the restoration it was discovered that what was described as "debris" in the original were dead bodies. Though the restoration itself was non-controversial, overwriting the original with such an important change of context would be considered controversial, and for that reason alone the images should be kept as separate image pages.

Imagens secundárias

• Example: File:Neapolitan Fisherboy.jpg is an image of a sculpture, and contains an image of the sculpture's label in the file history.
• Example: File:William Shatner Star Trek.JPG is a publicity photo of William Shatner as James Kirk from the television program Star Trek, and the oldest image in the file history is used to verify the public domain status.

Arquivos com dados atuais

Exemplos:

• 
  2021 Pacific typhoon season summary.png
• 
  2021 Atlantic hurricane season summary map.png
• 
  IAEA members.svg
• 
  Shanghai metro 2009 en-zh.svg
• 
  Germany location map.svg
• 
  United States installed wind power capacity animation 561px.gif

Mudanças controversas ou contestadas

• Example: File:Kit body rmcf1213a.png had two upload wars over the content of a Real Madrid kit.

Versões permanentes

• 
  Uma foto de uma notícia usada no Wikinotícias

Fazendo ligações a arquivos

Atribuição

Be sure to attribute the original author appropriately, and to apply a license compatible with the original file. You can use {{Derived from}} and {{Derivative versions}} to link the files. More specific derivative templates are also available, including {{Image extracted}}, {{Retouched picture}}, and {{Attrib}}.

Using "other versions" field of Information template

The template {{Information}} has an |other versions parameter which you can use to link between different versions of a file. You can

• use the {{Thumbnail}} or {{Other}} templates to show a small preview of the linked file
• use a <gallery> tag to show different versions (see mediawiki:Help:Images#Rendering a gallery of images)
• use an "other versions" template containing a gallery tag to link different versions (see Category:Other versions templates).

Ligação a conteúdo variável

When you want to provide or use a stable link from the other projects for any image which is anticipated to be repeatedly updated, you have several ways to do it:

• Label the image page with the {{Current}} template (see § Files with current data). The main disadvantage is that the old version cannot be directly linked if needed.
• Create a file redirect page under a fictive filename on Commons and use a link to this filename on the other projects. Change the redirect to each new version (inbound links from other projects need not to be updated). This means updating just one link instead of many. (Note the effect of overwriting or switching over can be delayed slightly through cache delay or can fail through software imperfection.) Example: link to File:Africa borders redirect on Wikipedia, and on Commons have File:Africa borders redirect point to File:Africa borders 2011, File:Africa borders 2012, etc. as-needed.
• Combine the two methods. Particular version can be uploaded (and linked) separately under their specific permanent filenames and a different filename can be marked with {{Current}} version and overwritten ever by the current version. That means (just as the previous solution) that the current version is available under two filenames: one for the constant content and one for the updatable content. This solution should be less vulnerable to cache delay and software-update bugs than the previous one.

Warning: when doing one of these solutions, be sure that users of the filename are clear that the content of the file may change, and try to check uses of the file before updating the redirect or overwriting the file.

Ver também

• Ask a user not to overwrite files: To request that another editor not overwrite an existing file, you may place {{Dont overwrite}} on the user's talk page. This request is automatically translated into many languages.
• Label a file not to be overwritten: {{Please-do-not-overwrite-original-files}} may be used on file pages to designate files that should not be overwritten.
• Request a file split: You can request a split up of file history by adding {{Split}} on the file page. This places the file in Category:Media requiring a split up. See also Commons:Fusão e separação de históricos.
• Image formatting templates may save having to create a new file version. For example, temporary or illustrative crops may be created using {{Preview Crop}} rather than creating a new derived image or overwriting an existing image. Images may be overlaid without having to create new derivatives by using the {{Superimpose}} template.
• Commons: Database stat reports: Top 200 users with the most "overwrite" entries.
• Log of recent overwrites

Ajuda

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• Veja as Perguntas frequentes.
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• Vá para a Linha direta do Commons.